
Roger-Luc Chayer
Photo: Pixabay
Located in the Horn of Africa, Eritrea is a country rich in cultures with a complex political history. With about 6 million inhabitants, Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993 after a long struggle for freedom. Since then, the country has faced socio-economic and political difficulties, often leading to widespread human rights abuses.
Eritrea’s primary wealth lies in its mineral resources, particularly iron, gold, copper, and zinc. Although their exploitation is frequently hampered by socio-political and economic challenges, such as regional conflicts, governance issues, or outright corruption, these mineral resources have the potential to significantly contribute to the country’s economy.
In Eritrea, homosexuality is illegal, and those convicted of homosexual acts risk imprisonment. This discriminatory legal stance is based on various socio-cultural and political factors and is condemned by several international organizations, including the United Nations and the U.S. government.
Firstly, Eritrea is deeply rooted in conservative traditions and values, with social norms heavily influenced by religious and cultural viewpoints. Homosexuality is often viewed as contrary to traditional cultural and religious norms, leading to widespread social stigma against LGBTQ+ individuals.
Secondly, the Eritrean government, which exercises authoritarian control over society, frequently uses repressive laws to maintain its grip on power. By outlawing homosexuality, the government can suppress any form of dissent or behavior that does not conform to the regime’s official ideology. In this repressive context, sexual minorities are particularly vulnerable to violence and persecution by the authorities.
Moreover, the lack of freedom of expression and association in Eritrea hinders the mobilization and advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights. There is also the negative influence of certain Western « missionaries » and preachers, mostly American, who persist in teaching that homosexuality is immoral within religion. The majority of Eritrean Christians belong to the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, which is an Oriental Orthodox church. There are also Catholic and Protestant communities in Eritrea. Christianity has a long history in the region, dating back to antiquity, and plays a significant role in Eritrean culture and society.
Penalties for homosexuality in Eritrea vary and can range from imprisonment to forced labor, and even the death penalty in the most extreme cases. These severe sanctions contribute to a climate of fear and repression that burdens the lives of LGBTQ+ individuals in Eritrea.
The U.S. government and several other countries are attempting to link international aid to better protection of LGBTQ+ rights in various African countries. However, the success of this conditional intervention policy has been mixed.